Electrical Generator
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Wednesday, July 7, 2010
Applications of a dc generator
- The DC generator system is designed and optimized to deliver the high currents at low voltages required for battery charging and operating DC loads. No battery chargers or power supplies are required.
- DC generators do not require a transfer switch. Transfer switches lower system reliability.
- In prime power applications the DC generator lowers the overall cost of the system.
- Certain AC generators and switch mode power supplies are incompatible. These AC generators have voltage regulators that cannot regulate voltage due to the current pulsing load of the switch mode power supplies. Polar's DC generators when connected to a battery do not suffer this incompatibility.
- DC generators are more fuel-efficient. Site operators want the longest run time with the least amount of fuel on site.
- Polar's DC generators are simpler in design, have considerably less maintenance and are more reliable than AC generators. Propane carburetion and electronic speed governors require frequent calibration and testing. If the propane carburetion, ignition system, or governor speed control should develop a problem, alternator voltage regulation and frequency control will fail. Some equipment powered by the generator will be damaged, other equipment may survive. How many of your AC loads can tolerate a wide swing in frequency?
- Polar's DC generators have a current limit control to prevent the alternator from overheating and the engine from stalling during shorts or overloads. This feature is extremely important in battery charging because a battery in a low state of charge can demand more power than the generator or battery charger can manage. Polar's DC generators will continues to supply power under current limit control, allowing the battery to increase its charge and drop its current demand. The AC generator uses a fuse or circuit breaker to protect against shorts and over current so the battery fails to get charged if it is overly discharged. The additional problem is that for remote sites a person is required to visit the site to replace or reset the fuse or circuit breaker and devise a means where the batteries can be brought to a state of charge where the batteries can take over.
- Polar's DC generators can be connected in parallel and load share. Paralleling these small AC generators is not practical. In many projects there are concerns about future site expansion and given load estimates are sometimes understated.
- Maintainability. DC generators use smaller engines that can be lifted by hand and transported to a shop for repair. The high-level generator mechanics are not required, or their expensive travel time to the site.
- AC generators are typically oversized to handle starting currents of motors and to provide light enough engine loads to facilitate speed regulation. Engines that are lightly loaded build up carbon around the valves and exhaust lines (wet stacking) this creates additional engine maintenance.
- DC generators are considerably smaller in size and use smaller horsepower engines. This facilitates both roof mount installations and installations inside the small shelters, as well as the required permit process.
- DC generator lowers the costs to install and operate. It is smaller in size and requires less site support. Transport to the site and installation is facilitated because: smaller shelter and concrete pads can be used, elevator transport to roof rather than crane, smaller helicopters or vehicles for transport. Fuel consumption is lower, so cost to transport fuel to the site is lower (transportation of the fuel to the site can be very expensive).
- Engines need a warm up period before they are able to provide full power, for an AC generator this translates to providing a stable frequency and voltage. Polar's DC generator can deliver power at a reduced level immediately after starting, then switch to full power after warn up. Also a cold engine can exhibit speed fluctuations, which has no effect on Polar's DC generators.
Commutators
How a DC Generator Works
- The "DC" in DC generator is short for direct current. For a generator to be classified as a direct current generator, it must meet two criteria. Firstly, the current provided by the generator has to be conducted by a loop of specialized wire on the inside of the generator that constantly rotates. Secondly, the electrical current generated by the loop of wire must move in only one direction as opposed to two. These criteria are met and managed by a piece of equipment called the commutator.
- Inside a DC generator, the commutator is split into two segments. Both of these segments are insulated so no electricity is actually transmitted directly from one part of the commutator to the other. The loop of wire that rotates is connected to both ends of the commutator at each end. There are also two brushes made of carbon connected to the commutator. These carbon brushes each have a very specific purpose--one brush is responsible for pushing the electrical current out of the generator to whatever devices are being powered, and the other brush pulls electrical current into the generator.
- All of the components on the inside of a DC generator are synced up to operate at very specific time intervals. Once the electrical current gets going inside of the generator, the segment of the commutator that holds all the electricity that will be going outside of the current is always touching the carbon brush that pushes the charge outside of the the unit. The electricity is essentially "swept" from the commutator to the electrical devices connected to the generator by the brush.
Large DC generators will have many commutators inside them as opposed to the just one that small versions will have. Because of this, these large generators also have many different segments of wire loops and are essentially performing the same job as a small generator multiple times simultaneously. This ultimately can provide much more electricity for much longer periods of time.
The Basics
Commutator Segments
Carbon Brushes
Honda Generator(Petrol)
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